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Convert between Roman numerals and Arabic numbers with step-by-step calculation.
Enter a number (1-3999)
Result (auto-calculated)
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet.
This tool features:
The seven basic symbols are: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000). Other numbers are formed by combining these symbols.
When a smaller numeral appears before a larger one, it is subtracted. For example, IV = 4 (5-1), IX = 9 (10-1), XL = 40 (50-10).
In standard notation, the largest is MMMCMXCIX (3999). Romans sometimes used a bar over letters to indicate multiplication by 1,000.
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