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Count significant figures and round numbers to a specified number of sig figs.
Significant figures (sig figs) are the digits in a number that carry meaning contributing to its measurement precision. The rules for counting sig figs are:
Without a decimal point, 100 has 1 significant figure. The trailing zeros are not significant. If written as 100. or 100.0, it would have 3 or 4 sig figs respectively.
Leading zeros only serve to place the decimal point. For example, 0.0045 has 2 sig figs (the zeros are just placeholders). This avoids ambiguity in representing small numbers.
Decimal places count digits after the decimal point regardless of significance. Significant figures count all meaningful digits from the first non-zero digit, providing a measure of overall precision.
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